APA Style's
APA styleParenthetical references and reference list .What are parenthetical references?“When you use the ideas or language of someone else, you can refer your reader easily to that resource by using something called parenthetical citation. In parentheses, at the end of the quoted language or borrowed idea, key words can refer your reader to your page of References, where he or she can then find out whatever bibliographic information is necessary to track down that resource.” (Darling, 2004)How do I do them?Generally, a citation for a source has the author’s last name followed by a comma and the year of publication:Up to eight kittens can be born in any one litter (Lockyer, 1968). If the author is named in the text, only the year is cited: According to Irene Taylor (1990), the personalities of Charlotte. . . If both the name of the author and the date are used in the text, parenthetical reference is not necessary: In a 1989 article, Gould explains Darwin's most successful concept. What is a reference list?A reference list is a list of all the sources that you have used to complete your assignment. It includes articles, books, websites, videos, interviews and any other place where you found useful information. You will put it on a separate page entitled ‘Reference list’ at the end of the assignment, with the sources listed alphabetically. All lines should be double-spaced.How do I do it?There are lots of special cases. Check out some of the most common examples of APA style. For additional explanations and exceptions, see the Publication manual of the APA in the library’s reference section.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Reference list Darling, C. (2004, June). A guide for writing research papers based on styles recommended by the American Psychological Association. Retrieved December 13, 2005 from http:// www.ccc.commnet.edu/apa/index.htm Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (2005). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. |
Other useful links: Library main page Online resources Other libraries MLA style APA style Avoiding plagiarism Research notes sheets Les accents los acentos NHS style guide |
